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Signal Integrity with Hands-On Simulation Online
PLEASE NOTE:
It covers the same scope and content as a scheduled face-to face class and delivers comparable learning outcomes.
Important: You will find your overall experience and learning outcomes are much improved on this course by having active 2-way dialog with the course instructor, as well as interaction with other attendees. In that respect we highly recommend that you make provision for enabled webcams when attending.
Signal Integrity with Hands-On Simulation is a training course in practical signal integrity for board level design and layout engineers. The course alternates between teaching the essential theory and how to use simulations as part of day-to-day design work in an efficient way using industry standard IBIS simulators etc. Lots of practical examples and tips are given.
The course gives engineers confidence to handle signal and power integrity while designing board-level digital circuits. The emphasis is on understanding how the theory works for common real-world circuits with multiple digital parts on multilayer PCBs. Delegates learn to use simulations to find the requirements for layout that will work reliably and how to apply that in the design process.
The course is not focused on how to use a specific vendor's toolset but rather how to get useful results using the tools available. The lab exercises are carefully designed to reinforce the theory and put it in a ready-to-use practical form without spending too much time on the specifics of the chosen tool.
Lab exercises comprise approximately 50% of class time.
Delegates must have a good working knowledge of digital hardware design. No previous knowledge of signal integrity or simulation tools is required. No advanced math is required.
The course fees include:
There is no requirement for the text book or any of the other books recommended, but they provide a good supplement for further reading and deeper understanding after the course.
Introduction
Why signal integrity matters • Noise margin and noise sources • Reasons for board spins
Transmission Lines
Ideal transmission lines • Lossy transmission lines • Terminology • Calculating impedance • Dialectric constant of prepreg and laminates • Measuring impedance • Why 50 ohms?
Reflections
Formulas • Recognizing low vs high source impedance • What is reflection and what is ringing?
Termination Techniques
Unterminated transmission lines • Parallel, series and RC termination • Why terminate? • When to terminate • Power consumption of termination
Net Topologies
Multi-node nets •: Where to terminate • One vs. multiple drivers • One vs. multiple loads • Handling of connectors
IBIS Simulation
Understanding the models • Process corner simulation • When IBIS simulation is not possible
Stubs
Termination stubs • Understanding the quarter wavelength stub
Bus Structures
PCI bus • SSTL termination • DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 schemes • LVDS bus • Typical address and data bus simulation
Crosstalk
Near-end vs. far-end crosstalk • Capacitive vs. inductive coupling • Critical length • Reducing crosstalk • Broadside vs. side-by-side • Guard traces • Reference plane
Differential Signalling
Principle for differential signalling • Advantages and disadvantages • Cable vs. on the board • Immune to common mode coupling? • Does differential routing make sense?
Power Sub-System
Power distribution model • Voltage ripple requirements • Noise margin considerations
Bypass Caps
Capacitor types • Ceramics • RLC models • Multi-terminal capacitors • Bulk capacitors • Land patterns • Effective inductance • Placement around vs. on the back side of a board • Interplane capacitance • Myths about bypass
Designing a Power Distribution Network (PDN)
Concept for finding the right amount of bypass • Spreadsheet simulation • PDN tool • Frequency range • Package model • On-package and on-die capacitance • Via inductance • Defining plane requirements
Testing the PDN
Test methods • Required equipment • Understanding the test setup and results • Preparing for doing the tests in your lab
Vcc & Ground Bounce
Defining vcc bounce, ground bounce and SSN • Measuring ground bounce • Package lead inductance • Simple paper estimation • Finding peak I/O current • Simulating SSN with an IBIS simulator
Noise Margin Budget
Understanding noise sources on the board • Reflections • Crosstalk • SSN • Power supply variations • Ground offsets • Trace voltage drops and losses • Terminator noise • Skin effect • Dialectric loss • PCI Express example • Vtt example
Creating Routing Rules
Design flow • Building a design rule set • Efficient pre and post layout review technique
Differential signalling
Skew and jitter • Loss impact on multi gigabit differential signalling • Pre/de-emphasis and receiver equalization
PCB Materials
Understanding PCB materials • Copper • Prepreg and laminates • Selecting surface finish
PCB Stack-Up
Defining the PCB stack-up • Building a design rule set • Efficient pre and post layout review technique
PCB Test Features
Specifying the PCB stack-up • Materials • Patents • Test features for layer order • Test traces • Test points and probes for high-speed
Vias and Models
Via types • Non-functional pads • Capacitance and inductance • Is the via a stub? • Via models • Understanding CAF • Backdrilling
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