Requirements for C++ in an Embedded System
Embedded system characteristics • Language choice • Memory mapped peripherals • Volatile variables • Compilation • System boot-up • Best Practices
From C to Modern C++
The features added to C by C++ standards including C++11/14/17, highlighting features useful to an embedded system • versions • inline • const • Enhanced enumerations • constant expressions • using • uniform initialization • random • Overview of I/O streams • Function prototypes • Pass-by-reference • Default arguments • Function and operator overloading • String class • Raw string literals
Linkage and Storage
Learn some tricky features often overlooked in C, but necessary for C++ • Scope • Linkage • Linking C and C++ • Header files • Namespaces • User-defined literals • auto • Static, automatic and dynamic storage • new and delete • Placement new • Arrays and Pointers • Vectors
Classes and Objects
Introduction to modeling and abstraction • Information hiding • Abstract data types • Classes and objects • Public and private class members • Member functions • Scope resolution • this pointer
Constructors
How to ensure that objects are properly initialised, and how to tidy up afterwards • Constructors • Destructors • Delegating constructors • Copy constructors • Pointers and objects • Move semantics
Members and Friends
More features of C++ classes • Friends • Operator overloading • Overloading assignment • Move assignment • Memory fragmentation • Working with memory pools • Rule of Zero & Rule of Five • Static members • Constant objects and members
Inheritance
Derived classes • Inheritance • Protected members • Casting pointers • Order of initialization
Virtual Functions
Inheriting common behavior • Overriding methods • Virtual functions • Polymorphism • Late binding • Virtual destructors • Vtable • Cost of virtual functions • Abstract base classes and pure virtual functions • Interface classes
Further Modern C++ Features
User-defined conversions • Explicit functions • Defaulted and deleted behavior • Run-Time Type Identification • Type casts • Nested classes • Multiple Inheritance • Pointer-to-member •Function wrapper
Templates
Function templates • Class templates • Template arguments • Template specialization • Dependent name and type lookup • Avoiding code bloat
Introduction to Standard Libraries
Summary of the standard C and C++ libraries • Container classes • map • set• unordered_map • unordered_set • Container adapters • Creating and accessing containers • Initializer lists • Common Container Methods • Custom allocators • std::array • Other C++11 Enhancements • Iterators • range-for loop • Predicates • Function Objects • Bind • Lambda Functions • Filling a container • Non-modifying operations • transform • Searching • Sorting • Summary of the standard algorithms
Defensive Programming
Coding standards • Code analysis • Compile-time assertions • Run-time errors • Throwing and catching exceptions • Handlers • Standard exception classes • Preventing memory leakage • unique_ptr • Exception specification • Exceptions in Embedded Systems
More Libraries
This session explores C++ libraries in more depth focusing on use with embedded systems • complex • bitset • list • forward_list • dequeue • s • string_view • span • format • variant • optional • expected • chrono • atomic • thread • mutex
Appendices
The following appendices may be given as lectures if time allows. Team-based sessions may select one or more of these as part of their delivery, with timing adjustments.
Summary of C (Reference Topic)
Reviews the C programming language.
Development Board (Reference Topic)
Reviews the features of the development board used in exercises.
Principles of Real-Time Operating Systems (Optional Topic)
Concurrency • Tasks and task switching • FreeRTOS • Creating and running tasks • Synchronization • Process scheduling and pre-emption • Priority inversion • Mutex, Semaphore, and Queue • Use of semaphores with interrupts • RTOS services
C++ State Machines (Optional Topic)
State machine representations • Single class state machine • State Design Pattern • Boost mpl example
C++ Design Patterns (Optional Topic)
Common design patterns used in C++.
C++ Development Environments for Embedded Systems (Optional Topic)
Compiler Optimization • Object files • Linkers and linker files • Loader • Makefiles • Integrated development environments • Debuggers • In-circuit emulation • Debug with Simulator/Emulator
Test Frameworks (Optional Topic)
Learn the principles of unit-test • Mocking
Strings and Streams (Optional Topic)
Another look at string class • I/O stream hierarchy • Formatted and unformatted streams • I/O of user-defined types • Manipulators • File Streams • Buffering • Stringstreams
Legacy C++ (Optional Topic)
A short discourse on older coding styles from C++98 that have been improved with Modern C++ constructs.
